The Leader of the Future Free Essays

Running Head: Morgan – The Leader of the Future Becoming the Leader of the Future Andreica L. Morgan Post University Bus508. 91: The Future of Leadership and Management Carolyn Shiffman PhD Saturday, August 21, 2010 ABSTRACT3 Assignment Synopsis Thesis Specification5 Discussion5 Lessons Learned from Past and Current Leadership5 The Essential Leadership Qualities Going Forward6 New and Distinctive Challenges for Leaders of the 21st Century and Beyond7 The Focus Will Be On Skills – Both Hard and Soft9 Hard knowledge will still be essential9 The increasing importance of soft skills10 Interaction and communication skills10 Coaching11 Giving and Receiving Feedback11 The Strategic Process for Obtaining These Skills12 Summary thesis opinion12 References:13 ABSTRACT I will be defining leadership as it was in the past, creating a personal definition of leadership for the future, and forging a strategy for obtaining the skills and experiences that will improve my ability to reach that definition of leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on The Leader of the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many different levels of leadership within a company, but I will use the term â€Å"SEE-Level leadership† as the level I will be focusing on based on this definition: â€Å"†¦SEE-Level leaders hold a variety of titles: supervisor, team leader, project manager, foreman, unit manager, and the like. Working daily on the front lines, these people see problems, opportunities, and challenges. † (Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 60). Traditionally, these leaders dealt in a top-down management style, with leanings towards team building in order to complete a limited number of specific company objectives. Herman, 2000, pg 76). A frequent initial choice of SEE-Level leadership style will be participative leadership but a transition to facilitative leadership should be expected by any current leader as something they should learn. Their new roles will include assuring an understanding of objectives, providing resources, coaching, teaching, encouraging, measuring, and givin g objective feedback. Independent telecommuters, 9-to-5’rs, and multinational teams working on solutions for global companies will have diverse leadership needs. Leaders, therefore, have to expand their leadership styles, coaching methods, and types of interactions to accommodate those needs. Future SEE-Level leaders need proficiencies of which their predecessors had no knowledge. The leaders of the future are going to be a main resource for information, strategies, and support for their direct- and indirect-reports, coworkers, and leaders. Being a good leader means developing soft skills as well as business skills. SEE-Level leaders must have extensive training in interpersonal as well as handling the managerial issues in order to succeed. â€Å"Like most things worth doing well, leadership isn’t born of knowledge alone. It takes practice, feedback, and careful application of the right skills over a period of years to develop into an exceptional leader. † (Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 62). Following that note, involvement in an internship as well as soft skills classes will be essential to my success as a SEE-Level leader. Assignment Synopsis Thesis Specification This assignment is a summation of the history, the theories, and the potential applications of the leadership concepts I have learned in this class. I have to not only understand what has happened, but also how it happened so that I can be an effective leader in any company I may chose to work for, or when I get brave enough to go forging out on my own. This is important so that I can either tweak the successes to make them meaningful for myself, or learn from the mistakes that have been made so as not to repeat them. Here, I will be defining leadership as it was in the past, creating a personal definition of leadership for the future, and forging a strategy for obtaining the skills and experiences that will improve my ability to reach that definition of leadership. Discussion Lessons Learned from Past and Current Leadership There are many different levels of leadership within a company, but those that †¦really make or break a company, and who offer the greatest return on a development investment, operate at what we call the SEE-level. SEE-level leaders hold a variety of titles: supervisor, team leader, project manager, foreman, unit manager, and the like. Working daily on the front lines, these people see problems, opportunities, and challenges. They are the most visible level of leadership to employees and customers. They bear the brunt of the responsibility for engaging workers, building morale, and retaining key players. (Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 60). These SEE-level employees are usuall y the connector between the policies created at the head office and the adherence to those policies in the field. Traditionally, these leaders dealt in a top-down management style, with leanings towards team building in order to complete a limited number of specific company objectives. However, â€Å"By 2010 directive leadership will be practically obsolete†. (Herman, 2000, pg 76). While Herman is off his mark by a few years, his words are on the right track. With a transition from industrial jobs filled with those who needed direction to complete their life-threatening tasks, to a more independent and information driven world, the ability to give edicts with a â€Å"there is only one way to lead – my way† indset is going the way of the dinosaur. Being a paternalistic leader, giving directions and requiring frequent status checks is now considered micromanagement and employees soon leave companies that continue to use this style of leadership. I will continue using SEE-Level leadership, as this is the level of leadership to which I currently aim. The Essential Leadership Qua lities Going Forward The labor force will be more self-directed than they were previously and many will desire leaders of different styles than present leaders are used to. Employees of the future want leaders that will assist them with reaching their goals of self-fulfillment as well as providing a living. Based on that assumption, leaders will have to learn new styles of leading that focus on inspiring and coaching their followers to increase their productivity and expanding their familiarity with new technologies and advances to facilitate that increase. During this time, management will be redefined to nonhuman resources – such as product lines, procedures, equipment, etc. Anything people-related would be called either â€Å"leadership, support, or facilitation, more accurately reflecting the actual work associated with the role†. (Herman, 2000, pg 76). A frequent initial choice of SEE-level leadership style will be participative leadership but a transition to facilitative leadership should be expected by any current leader as something they should learn. â€Å"Participative leadership, with leaders making decisions after increasingly strong involvement from workers, will continue until about 2020, responding to the needs of older workers who still want, and hence need, some direction. Note that the design will be participative leadership, rather than the earlier style of participative management. † (Herman, 2000, pg 74). Facilitative leaders will be those that clear obstacles then let the followers shine – Facilitative leaders will concentrate on making possible the high performance of each of their direct reports. Roles will include assuring an understanding of objectives, providing resources, coaching, teaching, encouraging, measuring, and giving objective feedback. †¦ While receiving this coaching, the individuals will choose to form their own internally otivated teams to collaborate for results. The job of the leader will be to prepare people to perform independently, then help them to grow and achieve, capitalizing on their individual strengths. (Herman, 2000, p75-76). Because their roles will be changed to that of more of a support system than a management system, SEE-level leaders will have to view their upcoming challenges in a different light than their predecessors did. New and Distinctive Challenges for Leaders of the 21st Century and Beyond Over the next few years, there will be several urgent challenges that SEE-level managers will have to face. The most pressing will be the impending retirement of a significant portion of the experienced work force which will affect not only productivity but stem the flow if experiential information as well as extensive knowledge to the next generation. With less than 10% of companies having a formal process to pass along information, â€Å"U. S. employers have only begun to take steps to ensure that their retiring employees are sharing their knowledge with the organization†. Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 61; Kinicki Kreitner, 2009, pg 105). In an effort to prevent this dearth of knowledge, leaders will have to put into place mentorship programs that link experienced workers to younger, less experienced, or more technologically savvy workers to create a knowledge sharing base. This allows the older workers to share their experience, techniques, and insights with the younger worker s, and the younger workers to educate the older workers in the new advances in technology and innovative procedures to expand their horizons as well. Another challenge because of the decrease in number of mid-level managers is that each manager has increased responsibilities, many times spanning many groups. Independent telecommuters, 9-to-5’rs, and multinational teams working on solutions for global companies will have diverse leadership needs. Leaders, therefore, have to expand their leadership styles, coaching methods, and types of interactions to accommodate those needs. This requires time for further training and development than normally available due to extended work responsibilities. Managing a virtual workplace is going to be more common – potential for less face to face daily interaction with followers or coworkers so the shift in focus will be to results versus following a proscribed process. â€Å"By the year 2005, we expect at least 20 percent of the working population to be home-based†¦ and perhaps even 40 percent by the year 2020. † (Herman, 2000, pg 77). With changes in the way people interact to get work done, SEE-level leaders will have to find ways to build connections between the different stakeholders that they are responsible for in order to have a cohesive unit. Finally, today’s organizations need committed workforces, yet not many have them. Fostering high personnel dedication has become a formidable task, so much that it will become the primary job of SEE-level leaders in their efforts to engage the hearts, minds, and loyalties of those that work for them. Pressure for performance — with fewer resources — has escalated. Values and attitudes about work have become shifted across generations. In addition, employees, seeing how little loyalty organizations have shown their people over the past few decades, have begun to return the favor. Herman, 2000, pg 75; Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 62) The Focus Will Be On Skills – Both Hard and Soft Future SEE-level leaders need proficiencies of which their predecessors had no knowledge. Besides being adept business people, the leaders also need to be able to deal with changing demographic issues, come up with or facilitate implementation of creative ideas, and have excellent pe ople skills. To be able to meet all these new requirements, the new business leaders need continuous training and support. Hard knowledge will still be essential The leaders of the future are going to be a main resource for information, strategies, and support for their direct- and indirect-reports, coworkers, and leaders. As such, expert power will be essential in substantiating their leadership status. According to Nahavandi (2009, pg 164), â€Å"people may influence others because of special expertise, knowledge, information, or skills that others need. People listen to the experts, follow their advice, and accept their recommendations. † As a new SEE-level leader, having the formal training for a position is a good start, however actual experience makes for a better teacher. Like most things worth doing well, leadership isn’t born of knowledge alone. It takes practice, feedback, and careful application of the right skills over a period of years to develop into an exceptional leader. † (Wellins Weaver, 2003, pg 62). With this in mind, many companies need to either implement or strengthen mentoring, internship, and appr enticeship programs within their companies in order to foster an environment of inclusion versus exclusion as well as provide necessary job experience, which is key to attracting and retaining top talent, building employee commitment, and encouraging creativity and innovation. Nahavandi indicates that the ability to either volunteer for or be assigned to â€Å"challenging and high-visibility projects† (2009, pg 165), as well as building a wide-ranging network of relationships and using information and building expertise will help build credibility during the early stages of a â€Å"young† leader’s career. However, knowing the business backwards and forwards will do no good if I am not able to translate that knowledge into useful communication to those following me in a way they can understand. Knowing soft-skills comes into play at this point. The increasing importance of soft skills Being a good leader means developing soft skills as well as business skills. SEE-level leaders must have extensive training in interpersonal as well as handling the managerial issues in order to succeed. During the 2009 study â€Å"Leadership Developmental Needs–A System for Identifying Them†, Takala, Winegar, and Kuusela determined that developmental areas that current and future leaders needed to enhance and expand their proficiencies in were related to Interaction, Coaching, and Giving and Receiving Feedback Interaction and communication skills When communicating w/your coworkers or subordinates, the ability to share information and interact are key factors in being successful. Learning to share information effectively is a two part mission, first to understand and then to be understood. The goal is to improve mutual understanding (Runion, 2009b), so a good communicator will become a reflective listener by listening for meaning and checking with the speaker to see that a statement has been correctly heard and understood before communicating further. There are classes and books available that teach communication skills, but no matter how it is done, â€Å"communication skill training is never complete without analyzing communication styles and learning how to communicate effectively with different personality tendencies† (Runion, 2009a). Coaching The area of coaching involves enhancing skills that inspire, energize, and develop subordinates, coworkers, and the leader themselves. Callan (2007) suggests that two key traits are common in good coaches that can be learned and developed. One element is the willingness to create an environment where staff feels inspired and empowered to try new things, even to the point of failure, and using these opportunities to give advice, coaching or mentoring to help expand expertise. The other is that good coaches actively seek out, encourage, reward, and develop talent by identifying and implementing programs and activities that either build on current skills or give development where skills are lacking. Giving and Receiving Feedback The area of coaching leads to the area of giving feedback, either in regards to the coaching provided or in general, sometimes to non-performers or in response to conflict management. Per Callan (2007), one of the traits needed to provide good feed back is the ability to deal effectively with under performers by delivering appropriate forms of feedback based on the individual’s communication and learning styles and needs. Providing numbers in regards to dollars lost by doing something incorrectly to a person who cares about the human factor would be inappropriate and ineffective, but providing information on how action or inaction will affect others in regards to frustration and time spent correcting the mistakes will usually spur the desired response. By doing this, it promotes a trusting relationship that makes staff feel valued and more receptive to coaching and feedback because their needs are taken into account. In addition, when providing feedback, the ability to make a point of acknowledging good performance as well as pointing out poor performance promotes the understanding that management is not always looking for the problems, but the solutions and good things as well. With a trusting atmosphere, staff is encouraged to learn more or produce more innovative products, technologies, and systems. The Strategic Process for Obtaining These Skills By knowing the different areas that I must focus on, I can utilize all of the resources available to obtain the skills I see as being necessary to become a SEE-level leader. My current company has several leadership training courses in order to do things â€Å"The APAC Way†, and they have created new positions called â€Å"Advisors† as a mentorship/job shadowing option in preparation for internal career advancement for many different positions. Outside of the those options sponsored by my company, I will have to continue seeking opportunities to read books, journals, and pamphlets as well as attend seminars and classes on communication skills, providing feedback, and other aspects of leadership in order to stay abreast of changing trends. Summary thesis opinion By giving a brief summation of the history, the theories, and the potential applications of the leadership concepts I have learned in this class, I have recognized and understand what changes have happened in leadership. I have also examined what competencies I have to achieve so that I can be an effective leader in any company I may chose to work for, or when I get brave enough to go forging out on my own. My definition of leadership has been one of facilitating the growth of followers versus one of patriarchal order giving has led me to determine what training I will need to provide that leadership to my followers. Using this definition, I have forged a strategy for obtaining the skills and experiences that will improve my ability to reach that definition of leadership using resources available through my current company and sought out by my own initiative. I hope it all works. References: Callan, V; Mitchell, J; Clayton, B; Smith, L National Centre for Vocational Education Research. (2007). A Set of Resources and Tools for Identifying, Building, and Sustaining the Learning and Development Needs of Managers and Leaders. Support Document. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). Retrieved from ERIC database. Herman, R. E. (2000). A leadership evolution. Employment Relations Today, 73-82. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. Nahavandi, A. (2009). The Art and Science of Leadership (Fifth Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Runion, M. (2009a). A Question of Communication Style: Seven Strategies to Bridge the Communication Style Gap. Speak Strong Inc. http://www. speakstrong. com/articles/communication-styles/stylebridge. html Runion, M. (2009b). How to Use Reflective Listening Scripts: The Top Ten Dos, Don’ts, and PowerPhrases to Promote Understanding. Speak Strong Inc. http://www. speakstrong. com/inventory Takala, M; Winegar, D; Kuusela, J (2009). Leadership Developmental Needs–A System for Identifying Them. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 49(1), 126-147. Retrieved from ERIC database. Takeuchi Cullen, L. (2007, April 26). Employee Diversity Training Doesn’t Work. Time. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1615183,00. html Wellins, R. S. , Weaver, Jr. , P. S. (2003, September). From C-Level to See-Level Leadership. T+D, 57-65. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from Education Research Complete. How to cite The Leader of the Future, Papers

Internet Laws Essay Example For Students

Internet Laws Essay Cyber Space Law Right now there is a very interesting war being waged in the court rooms across America. It is a battle for the rights of citizens on the Internet. The Internet is a fairly new medium gaining wide popularity in 1994. Because of its incredible growth in popularity in a very short amount of time it has been hard to regulate. The first act to come out regarding the Internet and Freedom of Speech was PL 99-508 the Electronic Communications and Privacy Act of 1986 . This act consisted of two parts, title I and title II. Title I Interception of Communications and Related Matters. Basically takes the existing laws and updates them to include computers. Where before it was illegal to intercept private telephone calls, it now says it is illegal to intercept private computer transmissions. It also includes a provision to make it legal to intercept public radio transmissions like it is with public radio programs. It also allows Internet Service Providers to keep a log of who called and their activity on-line to protect themselves. Title II Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access. This provision adds sections to Title 18 of the United States Code (USC). In section 2701 Unlawful Access to Stored Communications; it makes it a federal offense to hack into a computer system. Actually what it says is that it is not illegal to gain access but once you do gain access, by mistake or intention, it is illegal to continue to access the computer system. This crime is punishable by $5000 or up to six months in jail. Section 2703 of USC Title 18 is the section that instructs Internet Service Providers to keep a back-up record of your activities on-line with a court order from a government entity. Then after the government notifies the individual in question, the material is either used by the agency or is destroyed. Probably the biggest battle yet over the first amendment rights so far has been the Communications Decency Act or CDA. In March 1995 Senator Jim Exon introduces legislation to criminalize online publication of any material deemed obscene, lascivious, filthy or indecent. This legislation was attached to a larger and popular Telecommunications Reform Bill. The Senate and the House voted to approve the Telecommunications Reform Bill in February 1996. After President Clinton signed the bill the ACLU filed a suit claiming it violated their First and Fifth Amendment rights. Eight days later US District Court Judge Ronald Buckwalter issues an order temporarily blocking the CDA and ruled that the CDA was unconstitutionally over broad and vague. In June 1996 a panel declares the CDA unconstitutional; the Department of Justice appeals the decision to the Supreme Court. On March 19, 1997 the Supreme Court hears the Shea vs. the ACLU case regarding the CDA. On June 26, 1997 the Supreme Court decided for the ACLU saying that the District Court was correct in holding that the CDA violated the First Amendment because it was too broad in definition. The Supreme Court however did not agree that the CDA violated the Fifth Amendment because it was too vague. With that loss, proponents of the CDA have vowed to bring new legislation. Another Bill that was introduced into legislation is the Child Online Protection Act or COPA. In March of 1998, the Child Online Protection Act was proposed to make it a federal crime for Whoever, in interstate or foreign commerce, by means of the World Wide Web, knowingly makes any communication for commercial purposes that includes any material that is harmful to minors without restricting access to such material by minors pursuant to subsection (c) should be fined not more than $50,000, imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both. The ACLU and other groups immediately filed a federal court complaint challenging the law. A temporary restraining order was granted enjoining enforcement of the law by a federal court. On February 1, 1998 a US District Court Judge Lowell Reed entered a preliminary injunction blocking the COPA. .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .postImageUrl , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:hover , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:visited , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:active { border:0!important; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:active , .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9223d0a807e1fe586b4971d8a4452a4a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Single parenting and Raising Healthy Children Essay An appeal is expected. In Virginia there is a law that became effective July 1, 1996 that prohibits state employees, including employees of state colleges and universities, from using state-owned or leased computer equipment to access, download, print or store any information infrastructure files or services having sexually explicit content, except with the express permission of their agency head for a bona fide, agency-approved research project or other agency-approved undertaking. This law has been called the Virginia Net Decency Act. It is similar to the CDA law that was proposed in Congress. Six Professors from Universities or state colleges in Virginia sued to have the law repealed citing that it was unconstitutional because it: (a) violates their rights and the rights of other state employees to freedom of speech under the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution; (b) is unconstitutionally over broad and vague; and (3) violates the First Amendment and Due Process rights of public employees by establishing a system of prior restraint under which they may not speak or receive information and ideas without prior government approval. The State argued that while State employees were at work, they were public employees and not private citizens and therefore did not enjoy the same rights as private citizens. The court found for the plaintiffs saying that the Act is unreasonable because it restricts speech far beyond what is necessary. Moreover the act fails to come up with content neutral alternatives. The act was also cited as being over inclusive and under inclusive in content. Because of all this, the state of Virginia lost their case. A law that was recently argued in NYs District Court was particularly interesting to me. The law made it illegal to use any speech on the Internet that was deemed to be offensive or harmful to a minor. The ACLU fought the ruling saying that the law was an unconstitutional restriction on free speech. Interestingly enough, The ACLU called on the Commerce Clause. Citing as precedent the Supreme Court case that prohibited an Arizona law that restricted train lengths to 14 cars, the ACLU got the law overturned. They said restricting speech in New York could restrict the commerce of an Internet site in Texas. The Judge agreed and the ACLU won the case.Bibliography:

Andrew Jackson a Hero or a Villian free essay sample

He could made people o what he wanted; if he wanted South Carolina to pay tariffs he would force them to pay. This will make South Carolinians very upset. Jackson also imposed some laws against Native Americans but that also favored farmers and their families. Andrew Jackson was the first president who was born in poverty and raised by a single mother. Jackson had limited education, spoke no foreign languages and had never been abroad, but he still fought his way through his military career and got to the point to where he became president. Because of this Jackson was well liked by many since they could elate to him.South Carolina wanted to succeed from the union but Calhoun thought that this law was unconstitutional and therefore they had the right to nullify. Then the Force Bill was passed and it gave the president the authority to use military action on South Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Jackson a Hero or a Villian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Jackson threatened to invade South Carolina to make them follow the law. In the end they adopted Clays Compromise Tariff which reduced tariff rates. In 1830 President Jackson implemented the Indian Removal Act which pushed away Native Americans away to Oklahoma in order to take heir land and use it for farming. Jackson sympathized with land hungry citizens. The Choctaw tribe refused to move, therefore the Mississippi legislature forced them to sign a treaty called the Treaty of Dancing Rabbits, which gave the LIES 7. 5 million acres of land. When the Choctaws arrived to Oklahoma one fourth of the tribe had died. The other tribes didnt want to leave either especially after what had happened to the Choctaws, but they were force to leave as well. By 1 838 the US had force 1700 Native Americans to move with over 4000 dead Indians.President Andrew Jackson was either loved or hated in America. It all depended on which point of view one would see it. For many he was an inspiration and a hero but for others such as the Native American and some Southern Sates he was a villain. Jackson was the first president born in poverty which made many average Americans like him and relate to him. Although South Carolinians were infuriated by him when he imposed some tariffs that they considered unfair to them. He also wanted to help citizens that had no land but in order to help them he affected many

10 Fleshy Words

10 Fleshy Words 10 Fleshy Words 10 Fleshy Words By Maeve Maddox Latin words meaning flesh and fleshly (carnis, carnalis), have given English several words, some of which refer to human flesh and some to the flesh of animals. 1. carnage noun: a heap of dead bodies, especially of men killed in battle. The Anglo-Saxon poem â€Å"The Battle of Maldon† describes the carnage that ensues when the local militia confronts Viking raiders. The fates of several Anglo-Saxon warriors are depicted- notably that of Earl Byrhtnoth: he dies valiantly, urging his soldiers forward and commending his soul to God. Carnage is also used in a non-military context to describe the bloody aftermath of any killing event: Firefighters have described the carnage and confusion they found when they arrived on the scene of the Paddington rail crash in which 31 people died. 2. carnal adjective: pertaining to the body. In Medieval Latin, a frater carnalis was a biological brother. In modern usage, carnal refers to the sensual or sexual aspects of the body. The noun is carnality and the adverb is carnally. Detectives  charged  the 27-year-old with felony  carnal knowledge  of a juvenile. In religious thought, carnal is the opposite of spiritual. A carnal mind is not necessarily a sinful mind. However, all sin is carnal. A carnal mind is simply a mind that is governed entirely by the senses. 3. carnation adjective: a light rosy pink; noun: a flower, scientific name Dianthus, which may be shades of pink or red. The plural carnations is used as an art term: â€Å"those parts in a painting that represent the naked skin.† Vecelli observed that a colorist ought to manipulate white, black and red, and that the carnations cannot be done in a first painting, but by replicating various tints and mingling the colors. 4. carnelian noun: a flesh-colored, deep red, or reddish-white variety of chalcedony; adjective: of the color of a carnelian. My stepmother was, if rather richly, always plainly dressed, in the sober Quaker mode; almost  her  only ornament was a large  carnelian brooch, set in flowered flat gold. 5. carnival noun: originally, the medieval religious celebration preceding Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent. The word derives from a phrase meaning â€Å"the putting away of flesh.† In modern usage, a carnival is any season of feasting, revelry, or indulgence. In North American English, a carnival is a fun fair with rides and entertainment booths. 6. carnivore noun: (Latin carnivorus, â€Å"flesh-eating†) A carnivore is an animal that eats only meat. People whose diet includes meat are often jokingly referred to as carnivores, in contrast to vegans and vegetarians. My husband and children are carnivores, and yes, I do prepare their food for them. 7. carnivorous adjective: (Latin carni, â€Å"flesh† + vorus, â€Å"devouring†) The accent is on the second syllable. Since neither humans nor chimpanzees are truly carnivorous- most traditional human societies eat a diet made up mostly of plant foods- we are considered omnivores. Note: An omnivore feeds on a diet of both plant and animal origin. 8. charnel house noun: (Old French charnel) a house for dead bodies; a house or vault in which the bones of the dead are piled up. Recently in the Orkney Isles in Scotland, a charnel house has revealed more than 1,000 human bones. 9. incarnation noun: the action of incarnating; the fact of being incarnated or â€Å"made flesh† The  Incarnation  in traditional Christianity is the belief that the second person of the Trinity, also known as God the Son or the Logos (Word), â€Å"became flesh† by being conceived in the womb of Mary. 10. incarnate adjective: clothed or invested with flesh; embodied in flesh; in a human (or animal) bodily form. Until the latter half of the T’ang dynasty, some emperors had even claimed to be the  Buddha incarnate. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Work of Art Titles30 Nautical Expressions

What Authors Can Learn From The Walking Dead

What Authors Can Learn From The Walking Dead When Sheriff Rick Grimes rode on a horse across a deserted stretch of five-laned Atlanta highway, the stark imagery that would make The Walking Dead such an iconic tale was born.Did you know that Ricks horse was the first animal besides birds that was shown in The Walking Dead?Developed by Frank Darabont for AMC and based on the comic book series by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard, The Walking Dead debuted on October 31, 2010 and at one point attracted the most 18 to 49-year-old viewers of any cable or broadcast television series.So, what has made it so popular across audiences and multiple seasons? Much of it has to do with the writing, and there are several lessons The Walking Dead can teach authors about setting up an amazing, engaging story.Its all about peopleOne reason The Walking Dead appeals to such a large audience- some of which are not horror genre enthusiasts- is its intense focus on characterization. While there are zombies (known as walkers throughout the show), and in some episodes, a lot of zombies, the people dealing with them are the most important part of the story.The first perspective (and most important character arc of the series) audiences see is that of Sheriff Rick Grimes, a small-town cop who is shot in the line of duty and wakes up in the hospital only to discover that the world as he knew it had changed. As he struggles to understand what has happened, the audience is likewise confused at the famous imagery of the hospital doors smeared with blood reading Dont open, dead inside and the grotesquely deformed corpses lying unattended on the otherwise abandoned floors.From these opening scenes and continuing throughout the first episodes introducing the other survivors, viewers see a gamut of emotions and characters who handle the apocalypse in varying ways. Since it is an issue of survival, and since the normal rules of society no longer apply, the resulting humanity is fascinating to watch. Some lose their sanity, some become stronger, some give up- and each characters choice speaks volumes on who they are as a person.Interestingly enough, the ones who might be considered crazy in a non-apocalyptic world are the ones who not only survive- but thrive in a post-apocalypse setting. In the world of The Walking Dead, this contradiction makes logical sense. Yann Martel, author of Life of Pi, explains the concept like this: All living things contain a measure of madness that moves them in strange, sometimes inexplicable ways. This madness can be saving; it is part and parcel of the ability to adapt. Without it, no species would survive.Its this complicated dichotomy that gives The Walking Dead some of its most powerful moments and characters. In this way, the show appeals to audiences who might not enjoy the blood and gore, but are fascinated by the themes of human survival, community, and societal breakdown.Photo by Nathan Wright on UnsplashSocietal breakdown is a fascinating premiseWhile were on the to pic of the breakdown of society, lets also look at how The Walking Dead appeals to audiences for this very reason and why the premise is so fascinating. First, its important to notice that in The Walking Dead, as well as other stories and films about social collapse, a way of living that was once individual becomes collective. In survival situations, being alone can mean death and the group can provide necessary protection. This switch from self-preservation to group preservation is notable and creates dynamics that are fascinating on their own (without zombies lingering about).Second, social breakdown creates a need to re-establish order. In much the same way as William Goldings Lord of the Flies shows the process of this reclaiming of order, The Walking Dead gives us Rick Grimes who is intent on finding order in a world that seemingly has none. Then when some semblance of order is gained, another group or caravan of zombies threatens it yet again. This creates a powerhouse one-two punch of tension and suspense, keeping audiences engaged on a psychological level, episode after episode.Third, there is no better situation to see human beings at their most honest (be that good or bad). Human nature is never quite so revealed as it is in situations of survival during a social collapse, and concepts such as trusting others become literally a life or death situation at every turn. Rick Grimes understood this as the self-appointed protector of his group, and even letting another person into their camp became a heavy burden for him to bear, knowing that it could mean the death of those who trusted him for their protection.Audiences like seeing the weak become strongThe character arcs of Carl Grimes and Carol Peletier create some of the most memorable moments in The Walking Dead, and arguably, without these characters, the story wouldnt have the same appeal.Carl, Ricks young son who appears in the first episode onward, experiences the horrors of the zombie apocalypse from a young childs perspective. This perspective, within itself, creates incredible tension for the adults watching the show- particularly those with young children who perhaps vicariously envision their own child facing such horrors.Initially a shy boy, Carls character arc is one of innocence lost. But its also one in which a young boy becomes a survival-hardened teen, in many cases handling the groups encounters in a way thats mature beyond his years. In Season 3, episode 4 (Killer within), Carl experiences his most traumatic loss- the death of his mother, Lori Grimes, while she gave birth to his half-sister, Judith. Making the experience even worse, Carl is forced to shoot his mother before she reanimates into a zombie.Carl Grimes strength and resolve grows from season to season.From that point onward, Carls shooting and survival skills sharpen, but the toll that the apocalypse has taken on him is clearly delineated in the plot. He becomes depressed and sullen, and the third sea son witnesses him mercilessly killing a young boy who is surrendering. The fourth and remaining seasons- until his death in the midseason premiere of season 8- show Carl adjusting to his role of strong protector of his little sister, but the loss of innocence he clearly demonstrates is one of the most powerful parts of The Walking Dead story.Carol Peletier is another character whose arc moves from weak to strong, and her strength plays an important role in the story throughout multiple episodes. As the longest-living character on the show (to date), Carol was first introduced in the comics in the third issue of the first volume (Days Gone Bye) and the third episode (Tell It to the Frogs) of the television series first season.Her character is first introduced as an abused, submissive wife who meets up with Rick and Lori Grimes group after escaping with her husband and daughter to Atlanta. After her husband meets his death by one of the walkers, Carol begins to evolve into a strong, i ndependent, and brave woman who is arguably one of the favorite characters on the show. In the third seasons episode, This Sorrowful Life, another character, Merle, tells Carol that she has transformed from a scared little mouse afraid of her own shadow into someone much stronger. Then, after losing her daughter, she becomes closer to another of the shows most beloved characters, Daryl Dixon, and the two are quite often the groups best warriors throughout the remainder of the seasons.Carol Peletier is another character who becomes stronger over time.Carols character arc shows the same innocence lost that Carl experiences and she often makes the hard decisions for the group that no one else is able to morally make. For example, in season 4s Isolation episode, when a new disease begins to spread throughout the prison, Carol kills two infected people in their sleep and burns their bodies, thinking it would keep the others safe. She is banished from the group for this decision- a decisi on that ultimately did save the groups lives. In a later episode in season 4, Carol takes it upon herself to commit an even more disturbing act- shooting a mentally unstable child after the child killed her younger sister.In the unique cases of Carl and Carol, The Walking Deads writers enter into an exploration of the darker psychology of humanity, especially when forced to survive by any means necessary. These characters are not only some of the longest-living (in Carols case, the longest living) characters in the story- they are also some of the most intriguing. Their individual and mutual growth from weak to strong becomes a type of catalyst for many of the plots most significant events, as it simultaneously shows the price one must pay for strength in such circumstances.Audiences understand the darker parts of our natureFinally, I think one of the most important lessons The Walking Dead can teach writers is that many of us hold an innate pessimism toward our own darker natures. Thats why exploring this theme- particularly in an apocalyptic setting- works on so many levels.However, there are some critics who argue that The Walking Dead has lost its massive audience, particularly toward the later seasons and following the infamous baseball bat scene, because there is only so much exposure we can have to our darker selves before losing the stomach for it. In her article, What Really Happens After Societal Collapse, writer Rebecca Onion critiques The Walking Dead for taking this fascination too far. I had to finally stop following The Walking Dead, once one of my favorite shows, because I couldnt stand to watch the baseball bat scene, she writes. And then she quotes her colleagues response to that particular scene as the reason: Theres no trust in [the shows] world, no kindness, unless its exhibited by some soft-hearted fool whos about to end up as walker chow.

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections Case Study

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections - Case Study Example This leads to the question that needs answers, which is: what does art research contribute to the society? The question can also query what the influence or the impacts of arts research are, outside the circles of academic work. Through the exploration of two artwork collections, the impact should be demonstrated in social, economic, and cultural circles. Through this paper, the author will demonstrate the social impact of the exhibitions created by two artists; more attention will be offered to the reactions and the responses of visitors. This study will be used to explore the role played by artworks and its impacts in the society. For this particular case study, the researcher will only focus on the social impact of artworks, as tools that can be used to drive change or to communicate a message within the society. A descriptive model will be used for this study. The study will rely on the reactions offered by the viewers of the two artworks, as well as a review of available literature about the two artworks used as the cases for the study. Through the combination of the information collected from different sources of literature, as well as the views offered by the visitors that viewed the two artworks After consolidating the information collected from the different sources, the author will consolidate the information into a unified set of conclusions, summarizing information about the intended audience, the intended outcomes, the role of the artworks in society and also the impacts of the works. Through the review of the literature, it was found that the ‘translation’ exhibition was developed by Jim Pattison, who is a lecturer at the School of Fine Art, at the University of Dundee (University of Dundee). The research of Jim Pattison took more than ten years, focusing on the translation of information and images using digital equipment, entailing the remodeling and the transformation of  the virtual images captured during his exposure to medical procedures.  

Huge Impact of Primitivism on the Development of Modern Art Research Paper

Huge Impact of Primitivism on the Development of Modern Art - Research Paper Example The essay "Huge Impact of Primitivism on the Development of Modern Art" analyzes primitivist's huge impact on the development of the history of modern art. Primitivism is predominantly a Christian Caucasian view that view any form of art that is not Caucasian as primitive. Interestingly, art work from some major cultures like Greek, Egyptian and Roman art are not considered primitive. Islamic art, Chinese art and Indian art are also not considered as primitive art. Primitivism has its genesis in the 19th century when it was used in the description of imagery and motif art. Imagery and motifs are usually associated with primitive art. Primitivism first appeared in the Tahitian paintings of Paul Gauguin. Primitivism became a trend that was majorly practiced by German and French artists. Some of these artists were Jacob Epstein, Ernst Ludwig and Picasso. Primitivism has also not been thought to be the preserve of ancient people. It has been used to describe the work of self taught artis ts known for simplistic paintings. Primitive art from self-taught artists is also known as Naà ¯ve art or Outsider art. This kind of art has been seen in the works of artists like Paul Klee (1879-1940), Asger Jorn (1914-1973), Karel Appel (1921-2006) and Frida Kahlo (1907-1954). Primitivism was introduced to the Western world during the age of discovery, when unknown culture and people were discovered. The discovery age also saw the emergence of colonialism. Colonialism made indigenous culture and artifacts accessible.